Understanding the French Expression Tant Mieux

Expression: Tant mieux Pronunciation: [ta(n) myeu] Meaning: thats a good thing, its just as well, even better, all the better, so much the better Literal translation: so much better Register: normal Notes: The French expression tant mieux is an easy way to say that youre pleased about something or for someone. Examples Tant mieux pour lui.Good for him.La fà ªte est annulà ©e.Tant mieux, je navais pas vraiment envie dy aller.The partys cancelled.Its just as well, I didnt really feel like going.Ce fromage est dà ©licieux.Oui, et en plus il est allà ©gà ©.Tant mieux !This cheese is delicious.Yes, and its low fat, too.Even better! Antonym tant pis - too bad, never mind Reader Comment This reminds me of a fantastic (mis)translation that went the round at my old school (50 years ago) for tant pis, tant mieux: My aunt, having relieved herself, felt a good deal better.   -Perry

Countries Through Out The World Import And Export

Countries through out the world import and export. You import because other countries have comparative advantages over natural resources and in some cases have more human resources since the labor is cheaper. It is produced abroad and will be imported to the United States. You export when it is cheaper to produce the goods or service in your country. This includes having access to human capital, natural resources and human resources. The United States is known for producing aircraft, spacecraft and etc. It is in demand because it produces the merchandise at a lower cost compared to other countries. Export produced in the domestic country and exports abroad. The Untied States is one of the largest exporters in the world. They are the world’s third-largest exporters. In 2015 the United States total trade with foreign countries was 4.99 trillion. They imported more than they exported. That’s a huge issue we are facing here in the United States. We have a negative balance of trade, also known as a trade deficit since our imports are greater. We exported 2.23 trillion and imported 2.76 trillion. For these reasons, it has been blamed that it is destroying our economy and the caused for having a lack of jobs. People are blaming imports for their lost of jobs. It is cheaper to produce other materials in other countries because they have more access to other natural resources than we do. They don’t understand the importance to have a trade balance. Another reason why exportingShow MoreRelatedKuwait : A Largest Export Economy1412 Words   |  6 PagesArab country in western Asia; compose of about 4.09 million inhabitants. Even though it is a small country, it is the 8th richest country in the world per capita. The country is a constitutional monarchy, governed by the al-Sabah family. Kuwait offers an open competitive and wealthy market for consumer goods and project exports. 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The items, which lead to, an inflow of foreign earnings are placed on the credit side of the balance sheet, whereas the items, which give, rise to an outflow of foreign currency are placed on the debit side. Definition: â€Å"Balance of payment is a systematic record of a nation’s total payments to foreign countries, including the price of imports, the outflow of capitalRead MoreForeign Trade - Its Changing Composition and Encouraging Scenario1030 Words   |  5 Pages1990s. Our major exports now includes manufacturing goods such as Engineering Goods, Petroleum Products, Chemicals amp; Related Products, Gems amp; Jewellery, Textiles, Electronic Goods, etc. which constitute over 80 per cent of our export basket. On the other hand, major import items constitute capital goods and intermediates which not only support the manufacturing sector but also supply raw-materials for the export oriented units. Over the years, India s trade with countries of Asia amp; ASEANRead MoreBenefits of Foreign Trade1570 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose is not the mere earning of foreign exchange, but the stimulation of greater economic activity. For India to become a major player in world trade, an all encompassing, comprehensive view needs to be taken for the overall development of the country s foreign trade. While increase in exports is of vital importance, we have also to facilitate those imports which are required to stimulate our economy. Coherence and consistency among trade and other economic policies is important for maximizingRead MoreThe Capitalist Argument For Renewing The Export Import Bank700 Words   |  3 PagesCapitalist Argument for Renewing the Export-Import Bank Yujin Seo California State University, Fullerton May 5, 2015 Brief summary of the article/Introduction â€Å"Export-Import Bank is the official export credit agency of the United States federal government and its purpose is leveling the global playing field and encouraging U.S. employment. It also specializes in loans with high risk.†:salvatore. (2012). Although it’s primarily purpose is not to help other countries but to enable them to buy U.S. goodsRead MoreAn Important Part Of International Business1208 Words   |  5 Pagesobviously, importing and exporting. An increment in the level of exports and imports is, all things considered, one of the manifestations of a straightening world. In a level world, goods and services can stream smoothly starting with one part of the globe then onto the next Let’s take a case of Unz and Co. who is in importing and/or trading business: Unz and Co. gives thorough administrations to manage the exporter through the complex procedures of fare control capacities including characterizations

Pakistan Electricity Solutions and Ongoing Projects Free Essays

Written by: Afreen Baig http://economicpakistan. wordpress. com/2008/01/05/electricity/ â€Å"History† After the construction of the Hydro-Electric Tarbela Dam and the Mangla Dam, by General Ayub Khan and General Yahya Khan in the 1960’s, our governments failed to conceive and initiate major electricity projects. We will write a custom essay sample on Pakistan Electricity: Solutions and Ongoing Projects or any similar topic only for you Order Now The inept governments of PML-N and PPP, that still consider themselves vital to democratic dialogue within the provinces, failed to create dialogue within provinces, on the most important issue facing Pakistan’s energy survival – the Kalabagh Dam. Their governments failed to plan for the future growth and energy requirements. Recently the government of PPP has scraped the project altogether. â€Å"Unexpected Economic Boom Energy Consumption in the last 10 years† Pakistan’s $75 billion economy boomed into a $160 billion economy, with the consumption of gas, electricity and coal increasing YEARLY to an average rate of 7. 8 percent, 5. 1 percent and 8. 8 percent, respectively. The number of electricity consumers grew from 15. 9 million in 2005-06 to 16. 7 million in 2007, showing a growth of about 70 percent over the last 10 years. The major Energy consumption sectors of the country are: Industrial (38. percent), Transport (32. 8 percent), Residential and Commercial (25 percent), Agriculture (2. 5 percent) and others (2. 2 percent). As regards Electricity, the Household sector has been the largest consumer over the last 10 years, on average consuming 44. 8 percent, followed by Industrial sector (29. 4 percent), Agriculture (12. 2 percent), Commercial sector (5. 9 percent), Street lights (10. 6 percent), the officials say. â€Å"Record Sales of Electronic Items† Recently, we got good news from Pakistan Haier. In May, Pakistan Haier made new RECORD air-conditioner, refrigerator monthly output. The sale volume reached all time high, the year-on-year sale increase of Air-conditioner, Refrigerator, Washing machine, Micro wave and TV are 136%, 58%, 180%, 210% and 106% respectively. Similarly, many other Electronic Companies have created record sales. â€Å"Projects executed and under Construction† The first unit of 290-megawatt of Ghazi Brotha Hydel Project (GBHP) went into operation in June 2003, and contributed around 50mw of electricity to the national grid. Four more units were added every quarter, and by 2004 the GBHP was contributing 1,450 mw. Nuclear power plant Chashma-2, will soon come on-line, and will add another 300MW to the national grid. Mangla Dam uprising will give another 644 GWh of power. Gomal Zam Dam is under final stage of construction, and upon completion it will produce 17. 4MW In 1999, our installed capacity was merely 15,860 MW. (With Hydel 4826 + Thermal 10,897 + Nuclear 137) In 2005-06, our installed capacity increased to become 20,495 MW. (With Hydel 6499 + Thermal 13,534 + Nuclear 462) â€Å"Concrete steps under the PML-Q Government† President Pervez Musharraf launched the Rs 130 billion (US 2. 6 billion) Neelum-Jhelum Hydroelectric project aimed at producing 969 MW power. Work on 11 projects with an accumulative power generation capacity of more than 12,000MW would start by 2009. These projects include Bunji (5,400MW), Dasu (4,000MW), Kohala (1,100MW), Spatgah and Palas Valley (1,230MW). Wind and Solar Technology: Pakistan is seeking to explore alternative sources of energy production and use Wind and solar technologies with the aim to produce 9,700 MW wind power by 2030, thereby providing electricity to 7,874 off-grid villages in Sindh and Baluchistan. 25 wind water pumping systems have been installed in Balochistan. Over 140 micro wind turbines of 500 Watts each are operational in Sindh and Balochistan, providing electricity to 691 houses in 18 remote, off-grid villages. Hydel Power: The government is giving top priority to Hydel power with the potential of producing 40,000 MW Power of which only 15 percent had been exploited so far. In 2001, the Water and Power Development Authority of Pakistan identified 22 sites for launching Hydropower projects to meet the ever-increasing demand for cheap power. It indicated that about 15,074 mw could be generated on the completion of these projects, which would also meet the water irrigation requirements for the growing agriculture sector. Pakistan Sugar Mills: Association (PSMA) has informed the government that sugar mills can produce 2,000MW of electricity in the next five years. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: (PAEC) has decided to establish an Engineering Design Organization (EDO) for the indigenous development of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the country. The PAEC informed authorities that it was planning to add about 1,260MW through Hydel power, 880MW from Alternate energy, 4,860MW from Gas, 900MW from Coal and 160MW from Oil by 2010. The Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC) is investing in a new 220-megawatt power plant that will help control the power shortages in the city, said. The plant will start generating 192MW by March and the remaining 28MW will start being distributed by December 2008. Thar Coal: The government has decided to develop the Thar coal for power generation on a priority basis to overcome energy crisis following. Out of six various companies that inked MoU with concern authorities to establish coal power projects; two companies have started drilling work in their respective areas. Confirmed estimates that its reserves were equivalent to at least 850 Trillion Cubic Feet (TCF) of gas – about 30 times higher than Pakistan’s proven gas reserves of 28 TCF. By using only 2% of the existing coal reserves, we can generate around 20,000 MW (20 GW) for almost 40 years These estimates were confirmed by separate bankable feasibility studies conducted by Chinese and Russian experts. 85 Billion Tons of coal deposits in Pakistan were second only to 247 Billion Ton reserves in the United States and much higher than 157 and 115 Billion Ton reserves of Russia and China, respectively. Thar coal reserves were equivalent to at least 400 Billion Barrels of oil – equivalent to oil reserves of Saudi Arabia and Iran put together. One estimate puts Pakistan’s coal energy at 576 Billion Barr els of oil which is equivalent to the combined oil reserves of the 3 largest producers. The government is planning to set up 5,000-megawatt power generation facilities using coal as fuel within next few years. â€Å"Ongoing Power Projects† The Ongoing Power Projects for which allocations have been made in 2007-08 Budget, are Mangla Dam Raising Project (Rs 20 billion), Mirani Dam (Rs 500 million), Sabakzai Dam (Rs 200 million), Kurram Tangi Dam (Rs 2. 84 billion), Sadpara Multipurpose Dam Rs (900 million), Gomal Zam Dam (Rs 1. 8 billion), the Greater Thal Canal Phase I (Rs 8. 5 billion), the Greater Thal Canal Phase II (Rs 2. billion), construction of 20 small dams in NWFP (Rs 870 million), Bhasha/ Diamer Dam (Rs 500 million), Khan-Khawar hydro project (Rs 1. 3 billion), Dubir Khawar hydro project (Rs 2. 1 billion), transmission arrangements for power dispersal of Ghazi Barotha (Rs 1. 67 billion) and Neelam-Jhelum hydro project (Rs 10 billion). New projects for the next fiscal year include the Sukkur Barrage Rehabilitation and Improvement project (Rs 100 million), Akhori Dam PC I (Rs 200 million), construction of Jaban Hydroelectric Power Station and Jaban Hydroelectric Power Station (Rs 40 million). Upcoming Immediate Projects† Three rental power houses would start generating 1,067 megawatts of electricity by end of year 2008, respectively. Agreements had been signed with China to establish power plants at Nandipur and Chichu ki Malian, and tenders had been issued for two 500MW power plants at Dadu and Faisalabad which would be run by gas and furnace oil. An 800MW power plant would be set up at Guddu. (c) ECONOMIC PAKISTAN and PRESIDENT MUSHARRAF http://economicpakistan. wordpress. com/2008/01/05/electricity/ http://presidentmusharraf. wordpress. com/ How to cite Pakistan Electricity: Solutions and Ongoing Projects, Papers

Expansion Funds Sources And Hiring Processes In Lulu & Shopmore

Question: Discuss about theFunctional Areas Marketing Activities Expansion Funds Sources And Hiring Processes In Lulu Shopmore. Answer: Introduction This report`s goal is to look into the functional areas, marketing tasks, sources of expansion funds and recruitment procedures in a retail organization. The objectives include highlighting and demystifying four activities within four organizational, functional areas, elaborating two marketing activities employed in promotions, highlighting two internal and external finance sources for expansion and finally two internal and external hiring procedures within Lulu Group International. It opened its first supermarket during the early 90s in Abu Dhabi while its first hypermarket was opened in the year 2000 in Dubai. Currently, Lulu hypermarkets, department stores and supermarkets control 32% of the retail industry share with 134 stores spreading across the GCC. The main sources of data in this report are credible book materials and websites, a majority of which are most recent. The structure of the report follows the following format; a satisfactory discussion of the key points, conclusi ons based on the findings and a list of appropriate references. Information gathering Discussion Four activities within four functional areas A functional area depicts a logical division of an entity (Robert, 2013). He adds that every functional area is normally managed by a senior executive officer who is accountable for a given functionality which takes place within the entity. This means that such organizational divisions are headed by executives who oversee the activities within them and are responsible for them on a daily basis. Some of the common key functional areas include administration, research and development, finance, marketing, IT and human resource among others (Robert, 2013). According to (Rosemary, 2014), for a majority of centrally administrated retail organizations, product management is a chief functional area coupled with human resource, finance and systems management. When the entire functional areas of an entity work together, the business becomes more efficacious and effective (Ronald Perry, 2002). This means that the integration of all the functional areas is vital and beneficial to the entity. For instance, for Lulu Group International, incorporates its functional areas to facilitate its successful expansion.Today majority of firms incorporate them via databases (Ronald Perry, 2002). Such databases link the activities and monitor them concurrently. Human resources activities They include recruiting, compensation, training and development and performance appraisal (William, et al., 2009). Hiring entails luring job applicants while compensation involves rewarding well-performing employees via monetary rewards. Training and development involve teaching them modern skills and competences. In performance appraisal, there is evaluating workers present and potential delivery. The over 30,000 workers in Shopmore Group and the Lulu Group International experience the above HR activities. Marketing activities The marketing department has activities like discovering customer needs and demands, engineering products and services to meet needs, launching and promoting new goods and services among others (Robert, 2005). All these are based on market surveys. The quality products and services offered by Shopmore result from its efficient marketing activities. As such, it has an immense competitive merit in the market. This is partly why Shopmore Group controls about 20% of the retail sector share while Lulu Group currently enjoys 32% of the retail industry share. Additionally, that is why Shopmore`s yearly revenue is near $ 6.3 billion. Administrative activities Administrative tasks include organizing resources to accomplish goals and objectives, designing effective working procedures and communicating messages among others (Ferreira, et al., 2010). This implies that it is meant to oversee the overall organizational activities. It forms part of the crucial activities in any organization. This is because it is the steering force in the entity. For instance, in Shopmore Group, MA Ahmed Ali plays a key role in fostering its expansive growth as part of the administration. Finance activities Finance Department prepares annual fiscal accounts for the organization (Robert, 2005). This means that producing yearly financial reports for the entity is an essential task of any organizational finance section. It is responsible for projecting profits and losses. It also handles payment of salaries, invoices, and purchases among others. The about $ 6.3 billion annual revenue generated by Shopmore is prepared in the form of a statement by its finance department. Also, Lulu`s annual revenue reports are generated by the finance department. It forms an indispensable part of any entity globally. Two marketing activities employed in the entity`s promotions Marketing activities are normally so varied (Malcom Dennis, 2002). This implies that there exist different tasks in marketing within an organization. Such activities vary from one entity to another although a majority of them are universal to all firms. For instance, advertising is common to all businesses. Physical distribution of goods is one of the marketing activities in any business (John, 2014). This involves the transportation of products from the manufacturers to the retail entities for the consumer to purchase them. Other large array of marketing activities includes product modification, product procedure changes, modifications in packaging and advertising among others (Tapan, 2009). Additionally, according to (Teik, 2015), other marketing activities include special offers, sales, the launch of new products, customer relationship management, and others. This means that businesses have a wide pool of choice from which they can select the most suitable marketing activities wh ich best serve their marketing needs and in an affordable manner. Overall budget is needed to be allocated to the diverse marketing activities (Geoff Frank, 2006) However, for Lulu Group International and Shopmore Group, the focus will be on two most universal marketing activities and suitable for such large retail organizations namely advertising and special offer. The two normally yield remarkable returns when executed prudently and promptly. As such, most of the times they go hand in hand to produce the desired results, that is, increased sales for higher profits. Advertising Advertising is commonly done via the media and particularly in the electronic media such as the television, radio and the internet. The adverts are usually captive, alluring, appealing and persuasive to the targeted audience of the company who are heterogeneous and are located in diverse parts of the globe. As such, the adverts must appeal to the logic part of the consumer as well as the emotional part since the two works concurrently. The failure to appeal to either of the two leads to increased chances of futile advertising and that is not the outcome any organization would wish for. Every entity wants a fruitful advertisement. Lulu Group and Shopmore Group employ advertising as a marketing activity in their promotions. For example, Lulu`s popularity and the operation of 134 stores across the GCC and Shopmore`s placement among the globes 50 rapidly growing retailers is partly attributed to its advertising worldwide. Through this, it can reach many consumers. This is why these group s are popular in the GCC, and as such, they enjoy an immense customer base. Special offers Special offers refer to the products and services whose prices have been reduced from the normal prices. This means that they are being charged lower prices than normally. It is executed during specific times and seasons. Such special offers run for a short period after which the normal prices resume. Lulu and Shopmore usually launch special offers for their products and services during times of festive seasons, when they establish a new product or rebranded products among others. This is chiefly meant to promote their products and services and boost their revenue. That is why they have captivated the hearts of many customers via their high-quality products and services. Sources of expansion funds It is any firm`s desire to expand its operations. Reduced prices could be but a provisional short term plan meant to create expansion capital (Charles Patrick, 2011). This means that when the prices of commodities and services are lowered to increase sales and reduce storage costs, extra funds are generated. Such money can be channeled into the expansion activities of the organization. It is essential. Internal sources of expansion funds Internal sources of finance for companies include retained profits, reduced inventories, stricter credit control and delay paying trade payables (Students, 2013). The increasing costs of securing a loan capital is one of the reasons which makes internal financing much paramount for businesses (Burkhard Stefan, 2007). As such, a majority of businesses use the above sources to a greater extend. For Lulu, the emphasis will be on retained profits and lowered inventories. Entities may increase funds by retaining profits rather than disbursing them as dividends, and a majority of large organizations retain 50% of profits to finance expansion (Students, 2013). This implies that keeping profits is the most suitable and readily available finance source for expansion. Since Shopmore is a large entity, with yearly revenue of about $6.3 billion, it can plow in part of this revenue to expansion prospects. The reduced stock is another source. Acquisition and storage expenses use revenue which cou ld otherwise be employed to expand the organization (Students, 2013). This means that reducing the amount of stock purchased and stored translates into saved finances which can be in turn invested in the expansion of the firm. For instance, Lulu Group only purchases and stocks that which is needed by the customers. However, businesses need to be diligent when lowering stock to ensure they maintain the capacity to meet future demand (Students, 2013). External sources of expansion funds The external finance sources include shares, bank overdraft, term loans, finance and operating lease among others (Students, 2013). The above are some of the most commonly embraced sources of finances by a great number of firms. For Lulu Group, the focus will be on shares and bank overdraft. Companies normally create capital through the selling of shares, especially to the public. Since Lulu is a large retail organization, its main source of expansion capital is the sale of shares and especially the ordinary shares. That is why it can afford to open up 134 stores across the GCC. Bank overdraft is also a suitable source of expansion financing. Entities may get funds by keeping a negative balance in its bank account, and it is advantageous since it is flexible and competitive interest rates (Students, 2013). Lulu can access bank overdraft services based on its expansive nature, and as such, the organization finds it easy to expand with great ease. However, dependence on overdraft may have a negative impact because it is repayable on demand (Students, 2013). This means that it is indispensable for organizations to exercise prudence when operating on bank overdraft to avert such risks. Recruitment processes for the entity Recruitment process refers to the collection of activities involving planning and monitoring to find and attract fitting applicants for vacancies in the entity (Tapomoy, 2006). On the other hand, (Lawrence Carl, 2007) argues that recruitment describes the process of luring qualified individuals to create an applicant pool. Essentially, the two arguments point out that the hiring process is all about filling empty job posts. The vacant job positions could arise due to retirement, sacking, voluntary quitting and dismissals among other reasons. Such posts need to be filled by the most qualified persons available. They should possess the suitable skills, education levels, work experience, appropriate ethics, personal values, and competences. Internal hiring processes Internal recruitment depicts the filling of positions from within the organization (Jonathan Diana, 2008). This means that the present workers in the entity are the ones encouraged to apply for any emerging job vacancies. Promotions and transfers are internal sources of recruitment (Lewis, 2009). This means that existing workers can be selected to occupy vacant positions through promotions and transfers within the firm. Shopmore does the above-mentioned processes. Part of the organization`s over 30,000 workers have undergone that. This is because it is perceived to increase the employee morale, it is relatively cheap, workers need less training and orientation since they are conversant with the entity`s policies among others (Lewis, 2009). In cases where a junior worker is promoted to a higher rank which was previously vacant, such a worker feels appreciated and motivated to work harder and smarter. Again, Lulu and Shpmore will not incur extra expenses in training and orient the new occupiers of such positions since they are quite familiar with the way things work within the entity as well as the organizational policies. This further means that there will be a smooth transition of duties and responsibilities from the old position to the newly occupied one. External hiring processes External recruitment implies the filling of job vacancies using persons from outside the business (Jonathan Diana, 2008). This means getting new employees from without the firm and especially for new entry jobs. They add that external source processes include advertising and contracting an external recruitment agency. As such, the absorbed workers are purely new to the entity. Lulu partly does advertise some of its job openings via its website, other job search websites, the television and many others. Such job adverts are accessible to a wide array of job seekers who believe that they possess the required skills, experience and competences to take up such job positions. Additionally, the adverts usually reach the target audiences, which in this case are potential applicants on a timely manner and can apply within the stipulated deadlines. Consequently, external potential employees apply for such vacancies. On the other hand, Lulu can hire the services of an external hiring agency t o select suitable employees on their behalf. This is very useful especially when the business or organization wants to save on resourceful time. Conclusion The conclusion touches on a number of issues namely: functional areas of an organization need to work harmoniously, there are diverse human resource, marketing, administration, and finance activities, Shopmore heavily uses advertising and special offers as part of its marketing activities, there exist various sources of both internal and external expansion financing, and recruitment process can be delegated to an external recruitment agency or be conducted internally by the firm itself. References Burkhard, S. Stefan, B., 2007. `Making Growth Work: How Companies Can Expand and Become More Efficient`. S.l.: Springer Science Business Media. Charles, W. J. Patrick, M., 2011. Theoretical Developments in Marketing. S.l.: Marketing Classics Press. Ferreira, E., Erasmus, A. Groenewald, D., 2010. Administrative Management. S.l.: Juta and Company Ltd. Geoff, L. Frank, W., 2006. Marketing Fundamentals. S.l.: Routledge. John, A., 2014. The Marketing Environment ( RLE Marketing ). S.l.: Routledge. Jonathan, S. Diana, C., 2008. Essential Business Studies A Level: As Student Book for AQA. S.l.: Folens Limited. Lawrence, G. Carl, M., 2007. The Future of Business: The Essentials. 3 ed. s.l.: Cengage Learning. Lewis, B., 2009. Organization and Management Theories: an African Focus: Integrating Structure, People, Processes and the Environment for Human Happiness. S.l.: Cuvillier Verlag. Malcolm, S. Dennis, A., 2002. Retail Marketing. S.l.: Cengage Learning EMEA. Robert, C., 2013. Managing Computer Systems in the 21st Century. s.l.:Lulu.com. Robert, D., 2005. `GCE As Level Applied Business Double Award for OCR`. S.l.: Heinemann. Ronald, G. Perry, D., 2002. `Optimal Database Marketing: Strategy, Development, and Data Mining`. S.l.: Sage. Rosemary, V., 2014. Retail Product Management: Buying and Merchandising. S.l.: Routledge. Students, 2013. `Financing a Business: Internal and External Financing options/ Henley` [Online] Available at: https:// henleybusinessreview.wordpress.com/.../financing-a-buisness-internal-and-external... Tapan, K., 2009. Marketing Management: Text and Cases Indian Context. S.l.: Excel Books India. Tapomoy, D., 2006. Strategic Approach to Human Resource Management. S.l.: Atlantic Publishers Dist. Teik, P. O., 2015. The SMART Marketing Workbook. s.l.:Lulu.com. William, P., Robert, H. Jack, K., 2009. Business. 10 ed. s.l.: Cengage Learning.

Women Ofthe Middle East Andtheir Rights free essay sample

Middle Eastern women’s rights have been abused in different ways. They are looked down as the inferior to men in the Middle East. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Ofthe Middle East Andtheir Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are becoming stronger and rising up to equality to men. People involved in particular situations may have different opinions on rights of Middle Eastern women. Women are human; therefore no human rights should be restricted from them. In the Middle East, women’s rights have been abused in different ways. They are often expected to stay home, cook and look after the children. Travel conditions for Middle Eastern women differ from the men. For example In some countries, women are not allowed to travel alone and some countries do not allow women to drive. Forced/ arranged marriages happen a lot in the Middle East. Forced marriages are when a couple is married against his/her will. The female is usually the involuntary spouse. It is still practised in some parts of the Middle East. Arranged marriages are largely practised in the Middle East. An arranged marriage is when someone other than the couple getting married makes selection of the persons to be wed. Rape and violence also occur to Middle Eastern women. Honour Killings are practiced due to belief the victim has brought dishonour to the family. Honour killings link with violence and forced/arranged marriages. Often women are killed because either the women has found someone else to marry or do not wish to be married to the man of choice. The abuse of women’s rights has been an issue in the Middle East for a long time. Middle Eastern women are becoming more equal to men. Over time, Middle Eastern women’s rights have been addressed. Since 2005, all women of the Middle East have the right to vote. They didn’t have the right to vote before then. Middle Eastern women are becoming stronger and braver. Recently, a Saudi Arabian woman filmed herself driving to make a point. Young women are graduating from university more than young men in the Middle East. The economic role of women has been improving. In the wealthier Middle Eastern countries, the amount of women business owners is increasing . Though male business owners are still dominant. The law have been justified. There is an increased penalty for honour crimes. Forced marriages are banned in Saudi Arabia. Middle Eastern women are becoming more empowering and fighting for their rights. People have different opinions on Middle Eastern women’s rights. Depending on the role or the situation of the person, they might think women are inferior or superior. The religion of Islam, practises the equality between men and women as they come from â€Å"one soul† according to the Quran. Islam has helped improve the status of Middle Eastern women. Some people may think that women are inferior due to the time they grew up in. Looking back on history, women were looked down on. Women from different ethnicities who have experienced the abuse of women’s rights understand Middle Eastern women’s rights being abused. They might feel empathy and are supportive of those who have experienced the same. They might fight for women’s rights of the Middle East as well. Individuals from different situations or roles have different opinions of the abuse of women’s rights of the Middle East. Women’s rights have been abused in the Middle East. The abuse happens by different methods. They have a lower status than Middle Eastern men. Middle Eastern women are growing out of their expected roles. They are becoming stronger and fighting for their rights. Different persons may have different opinions on Middle Eastern women’s rights depending on their situation or role. Women are human; therefore their rights becoming less constrained.

Fundamental Analysis of a Company

Fundamental Analysis of a Company Introduction Tullow oil plc is a global company that deals in oil and gas production. In addition, it also deals with the production of these commodities. The company is based in London. On the other hand, it is listed on both the London and Irish stock exchange markets. Tullow plc was founded in 1985 to become a gas exploration business with its initial interests in Senegal (Tullow oil plc, 2010, p. 2).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Fundamental Analysis of a Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a matter of fact, it was listed on the stock exchange market in 1985. Later on in 2007, the company made big strides that enabled it to enter into the FTSE100 Index. In advancing its activities, it has been involved in strategic business moves like acquisitions. For instance in 2000, it acquired BPs Gas fields to increase its potential and market positioning. This deal was concluded at  £200 million (Tullow oil pl c, 2010, p.4). Apart from this, the company was involved in another strategic move in 2004. With increased opportunities in sight it acquired Energy Africa for $ 570 million (Tullow oil plc, 2010, p. 5). In recent years, the company has expanded rapidly and this has been aided by its acquisition of Hardman resources. It started drilling its first well in 2006. This was done in Uganda around the Lake Albert region. In the process it was able to drill 30 wells (Tullow oil plc, 2010, p. 7). Because of this, it is one of the largest exploration and production companies in Europe. As a matter of fact, it has over 85 production and exploration licenses. In addition, it operates in more than 23 countries (Tullow oil plc, 2010, p. 9). To enhance its operations, the company has laid more focus on four regions that it seeks to advance its operations with. On the other hand, it has production from eight countries. Its major achievement is the two world class production projects it has in Ugand a and Ghana (Tullow oil plc, 2010, p. 11). This is because it has been able to discover massive oil deposits in the said countries. Up to now, the company employs 900 people in all its operations worldwide (Tullow oil plc, 2010, p. 13). Discussion Fundamental analysis is a broad analysis that a company has to do. This is because it analyses its health and financial statements (Graham, 2004, p. 7). In doing this, it also looks at its competitive advantages and the management that the company has put in place. Fundamental analysis also looks at the market together with the competitors. It has some specific areas that it mainly focuses on (Graham, 2004, p. 9). This differs in relation to its applicability. It can focus on interest rates and state of the economy at that given time. In addition, it can also look at the management, production and earnings. Two basic approaches can be used to achieve this process. This includes top down and bottom up analysis (Graham, 2004, p. 15). To perf orm a good fundamental analysis it is necessary to use the present and historical data.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The long term objective should be to make and come up with good financial estimates. There are many objectives as per to why this is done. It will help to make a good projection on the company’s business performance (Graham, 2004, p. 17). This analysis is supposed to evaluate the management with a broad objective of making good internal business decisions that will move the company forward. With the right measures in place, it can help the company to make and calculate its credit risks as it undertakes its business goals and objectives. Another objective can be to come up with a good stock valuation that will ultimately predict the company’s expected price evolution. International and national macroeconomic environment These environ ments are important as they have a bearing on the company’s performance. International environment The company operates on a global market. This is because it has operations in 23 countries. As a matter of fact it has mainly focused on four regions. These include Europe, Africa, South America and South Asia. The company’s international environment has the following factors in mind. GDP growth rates Most markets that the company has focused its activities on are emerging economies which are still growing with a great potential. There has been a problem with the global economic crisis that slowed down economic activities. On the other hand, countries that the company has invested in are witnessing good GDP growth rates and that is why it has had to invest there. For instance, Africa’s GDP has been growing by 4.3% and this explains why the company has had exploration efforts in Uganda and Ghana (Fratzscher, 2010, p. 14). This growth rate is expected to reach 7% by the end of 2010. On the other, its other markets like Asia have had good GDP projections. It is estimated and projected that the Asian Pacific countries will experience a GDP growth rate of 7% by the end of 2010 (Fratzscher, 2010, p. 17). This is also expected for the South American market that will have a GDP growth rate of 3 to 4% (Fratzscher, 2010, p. 19).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Fundamental Analysis of a Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Inflation and interest rates Various markets have had different interest and inflation rates. Major central banks have reported different interest rates. In relation to the markets that the company operates in, Africa has had high interest rates meaning that the cost of acquiring capital still remains high. South American interest rates have shifted from 8 to 9 % (FXStreet, 2010, p. 3). Europe has had the lowest interest rates in the market. They have revolved be tween 0.25% and 5 % (FXStreet, 2010, p. 4). This represents part of the interest rates that the company has faced in the course of carrying out its activities. Inflation rates have been changing depending on the country that the company operates in. Developed countries have had an inflation rate of 0 to 4 % (Central investment agencies, 2010, p. 8).Developing countries as a whole have had an inflation rate of between 5 to 20% (Central investment agency, 2010, p. 8). This should be factored in by the company as it will have an impact on the prices that it sets. Exchange rates Exchange rates are very important because the company operates in different markets that use distinct currencies. Although the dollar is used as a global business currency, exchange rates vary in relation to different economies (Fratzscher, 2010, p. 21). This therefore means that fluctuating and increasing exchange rates can directly have a bearing on the company’s estimations. After the US economy experi enced some economic shocks, there have been time varying effects on exchange rates. There are various transmission channels towards exchange rates. Since the company deals with various currencies it should have good conversions mechanisms in place. Global oil and gas prices Tullow oil plc deals in energy products and commodities. Because global oil energy prices keep on shifting, it is very critical towards the company’s performance. Shifts in prices have been brought about by unexpected factors that the company needs to be prepared for (Rigzone, 2010, p. 5). Because it operates in different markets, it needs to be flexible as far as energy prices are concerned. Petroleum demand has been increasing every year which has demanded that companies increase production. Stagnation in production can be dangerous and limit supply thereby increasing prices. The world is moving toward full exploitation of gas as an alternative energy (Rigzone, 2010, p. 5). This means that the company ne eds to continue investing in gas production.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More National macroeconomic environment Regional and industry/company dynamics have always changed as time goes by. Foreign competition There is increased competition in oil production and exploration because economies are continuing to grow. Growing economies especially in countries that the company has focused on have brought about an increase in demand for petroleum products (Essar Group, 2010, p. 4). The industry is highly competitive and revolutionized because of increased market awareness. Increased demand for petroleum products has prompted companies to venture in this business thereby increasing competition. This therefore means that the company should continue being strategic on how it carries out its activities. With this in place it can be sure to withstand competition. Total sales and prices Sales and prices have been shifting depending on the existing business dynamics. In general, the industry is experiencing an increase in sales because of increased demand (Petroleum econo mist, 2010, p. 8). Notably an increase in demand has been created by rapidly growing economies that the country has invested in. An increase in demand has in most occasions led to increased supply. This is driven by the urge to reap highly in terms of sales from this upsurge. On the other hand, this unregulated and unplanned supply has always ended up hurting prices (Berner, 2010, p. 13). We have some oil producing countries that always come up with production quotas. In such occasions, sales have always been compromised in that given period. Analysis of the industry and the company The oil industry has been unpredictable in most occasions. Latest results show that the company and industry has continued to make good progress. The company’s exploration and development programs have continued to deliver excellent results. There is a lot of funding in the industry that can help the company advance its operations in new and emerging markets. There is a strong financial performanc e from oil industries aided by good marketing strategies. This can be explained from Tullow plc financial performance. The group has recorded an increase in pretax profit by 184% to $89.0 million in its first quarter performance of 2010 (Tullow oil plc, 2010, p. 7). Although this has been achieved there is a drop in production by 6%.Generally the outlook for the company and industry is positive. The company further explains that its exploration and appraisal has had a success rate of 82%. This trend has also been witnessed by other industry competitors (Energy business review, 2010, p. 16). UK production has been above expectations as a result of excellent performance from the market players. For instance Tullow plc has had a working production of 18,300 boepd (Tullow oil plc, 2010, p. 9). Iran is a major player in the oil industry (it’s the fifth largest producer) and recently it has been facing sanctions (Webb, 2010, p. 15). This has had an effect on oil production thereby changing the general industry dynamics. In Africa, Nigeria is a major oil producer but it has also been facing problems from insurgents who have reduced its oil production. This means that companies need to be very careful especially those ones that rely on such countries. There is also a major concern that unqualified companies are being awarded contracts that they don’t deserve. This is not a good trend as it might have a negative impact on the industry’s performance. Conclusion Investment recommendation Although the company is experiencing a good performance, it needs to make strategic decisions in relation to investments. Because its acquisitions have been successful, it needs to continue acquiring other companies in a bid to capture a large market share. This venture needs a lot of money and the company will have to look for partners to help it finance these activities. Because the company’s oil exploration and development has had a success rate of 82%, it needs major capital investments especially in Ghana and Uganda to ensure that they are successful. The company needs to invest heavily in exploration led growth. In addition, as the company makes inroads in other new and emerging markets it will be good if it can list in other stock exchange markets to increase its net worth. This is necessary as it will give it a more strategic position in the market. Africa is the groups’ largest core area/market and it needs to invest in environmental management to comply with the Kyoto protocol. This will avoid a lot of conflicts that may end up in courts thereby tainting its image and operations. As a matter of fact, it should invest in health, water and hygiene to take care of the communities. Companies operating in this region have been encouraged to do so for enhanced sustainability. It needs to enhance its diversification in the market to increase the shareholders value as an expectation. Tullow plc also needs to invest in large vess els to increase it capacity and capability. This will have a positive impact on oil production and enable the company to serve its market well. More so, it can help to improve deliveries and meet market targets and expectations. In addition, it should invest in its people for enhanced success. This is necessary because, human resource play an integral role in delivery. Reference List Berner, R. 2010. Deleveraging the American Consumer: Faster than Expected [Online] Available at:  https://www.morganstanley.com/what-we-do/research/ Central investment agency. 2010. Inflation rate (consumer prices). [Online] Energy business review. 2010. Cairn Energy discovers gas in Baffin Bay offshore Greenland. [Online] Essar Group. 2010. Exploit potential of shale gas: US to India and China. [Online] Available at:  https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Exploit-potential-of-shale-gas-US-to-India-and-China/articleshow/6430345.cms Fratzscher, M. 2010. What explains global e xchange rate movements during the financial crisis? Germany: Frankfurt. FXStreet. 2010. World Interest Rates Table. [Online] Available at:  https://www.fxstreet.com/economic-calendar Graham, B. 2004. Security Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill. Petroleum economist. 2010. Refinery sales to re-shape UK business. [Online] Available at:  https://www.petroleum-economist.com/ Rigzone. 2010. Commodity Corner: Crude Continues to Drop on Recovery Fears. [Online] Available at: https://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/97824/commodity_corner_crude_continues_to_drop_on_recovery_fears/   Tullow oil plc. 2010. Our business. [Online] Webb, S. 2010. Analysis: Sanctions tighten pressure on Irans oil industry. UAE: Dubai.

Sustainable Housing in United Kingdom Dissertation

Sustainable Housing in United Kingdom - Dissertation Example The paper tells that due to the degradation of environment and depletion of resources the eco building concept has been developed. UK has been one of the major carbon dioxide emitters in Europe. Consequently the need for sustainable and low/zero carbon housing, has become the major concern of UK government. Government has started taking initiative accordingly and thus the concept of sustainable housing has been encouraged in UK. The people of United Kingdom have been getting lots of benefits from sustainable housing. United Kingdom has developed number of green and sustainable buildings. The aim behind sustainable housing is to protect the environment while achieving social and economic development of the country. The paper first elaborates the concept of Green Home or Sustainable housing. The need for switching to sustainable housing has also been discussed in the paper. The code of sustainable homes focuses on evaluating the homes on the benchmark of Building Research Establishment ’s Eco homes. Various types of sustainable constructions are mentioned in the research paper. Then the paper also discussed various energy resources as well as material useful for sustainable constructions. The discussion on the proper location for sustainable building, on the basis of different parameters, has also been included in our research paper. There are various types of sustainable housing which are mentioned in the paper. ... .........................................................................6 1.4. Definitions.............................................................................................6 1.5. Background of study.............................................................................7 1.6. Advantage of Study..............................................................................8 1.7. The need for the study of sustainable housing.....................................9 1.8. Objectives of the study........................................................................10 Chapter 2 2.1. Introduction.........................................................................................12 2.2. Sustainability in Constructing Houses................................................13 2.3. Principles of Sustainable Houses.......................................................15 2.4. Sustainability in current Constructing Houses....................................16 2.5. UK Best Pract ical Guideline...............................................................20 2.6. Legislation: Regulation Set by the Government.................................21 2.7. Code of Sustainable Homes (CSH)....................................................21 2.8. Carbon Reduction Commitment.........................................................25 2.9. Energy Performance Certificate.........................................................25 2.10. Types of Sustainable Constructions...................................................26 2.11. Renewable Energy Resources Suitable in the UK.............................27 2.12. Energy Efficient Material.....................................................................28 2.13. Choice of Location and

Specialist community public health nursing Essay

Specialist community public health nursing - Essay Example There is the need to confront numerous barriers and other potential risks in order to attain the best and most appropriate results in each scenario (Campbell, 2008). Thus, in this essay, there will be a critical examination of the two concepts: leadership and change management in order to identify how they intersect in the healthcare sector in a practical manner. Statement of Purpose.This essay gives an account of the theoretical and practical processes a Specialist Community Public Health Nurse (SCPHN) in the development leadership potentials and competencies as a Health Visitor (HV) relating to a specific issue or case. This report will draw into experiences and activities that were encountered during service implementation relating to male-victim domestic violence. This will involve a discussion and analysis of the problem of domestic violence and how an SCPHN can assist in dealing with it through HV and other practical affairs and matters.The report will critique the leadership a nd management roles that exist in SCPHN and how they intersect with various concepts of leadership and change management in dealing with this practical problem or situation.In order to examine an important and significant element, the research will focus on an actual change that occurred in the health visit and this will provide the impetus for important analysis and evaluations of the theories of change management.

Memoie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Memoie - Essay Example In his quest to be an English writer, Yong Kim had to overcome the language barrier by devoting himself to the task that lay ahead him coupled with varied discouragements, for instance, from one of his roommate (Spack 42). This is similar to my experience except that mine was to study Korean, which one of the many languages that I have never been able to be fluent before deciding to try it. Since, I grew up in four countries, which are Egypt, France, Holland, and Sweden. My father used to work for United Nation and every two or four years we had to relocate from state to another besides other countries, which we temporarily stayed for approximately half to year period. They include Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Kenya, Japan and ext. hence, growing up in unstable environment despite to many people seeming to be a fun because every time I had to readjust to my new environment though I attended international schools. Presently, I cannot say that I am fluent in any language even my native one, which is Arabic. When I say fluent, I imply 100% speaking, reading and writing. This is because, for instance, when I started focusing in French while I was France, suddenly my father would come and tell us to be ready for after three months we are relocating to the Netherland for him to attend a new mission that region. Then, when I started learning Dutch, my father would come again and cite that we are moving to Sweden. Therefore, all these scenarios at that time coupled with extremely short periods of staying in certain region posed an immense challenge in learning a particular language effectively. However, some may argue children are capable of learning extremely fast but this was not my case and it turned out to be stressful to me. Since, I was not able to focus on a single subject despite my entire family being in a situation that we got the chance residing as well as visiting more than twenty countries. The worst part of encompassed that I did not have an identi ty evident from certain incidences that I experienced and prompted me think of learning my Korean language as well as certain languages that are essential in aiding me to live as a cosmopolitan citizen. This was after reading â€Å"A Book-Writing Venture† by Kim Yong that relayed what he encountered language barrier and managed to overcome it via studying English to the extent of writing a book in it. A remarkable incidence that I can remember vividly happened to me three years ago in Korea, which prompted me decide to study Korea language after reading Kim Yong’s book who is a Korean too. I felt that I had the same experience with him in terms of language but the only difference is that he was struggling with English in America and mine was Korean in Korea. My life’s story started in 2009 after getting a scholarship from the Korean government to study in Korea as an exchange student between San Jose state university in California and Kyung Hee University in Suw on in South Korea. A part of the scholarship was to teach Math and science for 15 hrs a week to the elementary school students. I stayed in Korea for approximately 14 months, which was a good experience but the first 3 months were hectic due to language barrier. Since, most Koreans do not speak English even those who are fluent in it as they are shy, whereas some are good in

Economic Interdependence between European countries

Economic Interdependence between European countries Why is economic interdependence necessary? When we talk about economic interdependence between countries the first and foremost factor that comes to mind is the exchange of goods and services then the flow of labour, capital, technology, and finally the flow of funds. Helpman (2011) describes the economic fortunes of a country being intertwined â€Å"†¦via trade, foreign direct investment, and financial capital flows†. Helpman also talks about how the global crises of 2008 illustrated the importance of this interdependency between countries when it caused the volume of international trade to fall by almost a quarter which then adversely influenced even the countries with a sound financial system. Coming to the first aspect of the exchange for goods and services (trade); it is indeed, essential to trade in order to derive maximum benefit from the efficient use of scarce resources available and as economic development and progression takes place resultantly because of globalisation, international trade is becoming i ncreasingly popular particularly when it comes to European countries. Piggott and Cook (2006) talk about the need for international trade quite comprehensively: â€Å"exports and imports can smooth demand fluctuations in the domestic economy, and growth via exports could increase competition at home. Therefore basically trade allows firms to escape the confines of the domestic market, so reducing costs, improving quality and hopefully leading to higher sales and profits†. Furthermore, this leads to the countries’ then helping even their businesses or organisations obtain a competitive advantage through specialisation and giving them access to international markets which in turn helps boost the economy even more. Europe’s global economic position Most of the countries in Europe have a significantly high GDP per capita and are considered to have extremely developed economies when it comes to the Global market; examples of which include Germany, France, Netherlands, and so on. In fact, the International monetary fund in its latest report in 2018 places most of the European countries in the advanced economies’ category whether it is in final domestic demand, stock building, or foreign balance. It is especially impressive that most of these countries progressed themselves post communism particularly with European countries like Hungary and Latvia undergoing financial crises as Grzegorz Ekiert (2012) puts it â€Å"†¦these countries’ political and economic achievements have been in stark contrast to the failures seen in other post-communist states.† The most important role in economic development however, has to be acknowledged as well which is the economic interdependence between these European countries. Economic interdependence and its importance â€Å"Economic interdependence is occurring due to specialization of countries, as they are dependent on others in the purchase of products which are not manufactured nationwide.† (Surugiu, 2015) It should be of a common understanding that progress cannot be achieved by being alone or confining to a limited way of approaching desired economic objectives and it proves to be true in the global economy as well. As more countries pool in their share of different scarce resources and bring about extra demand as well from their economies they do in fact help in reducing the wastage of resources. Needless to say, this really does synchronise with efficiently allocating these available resources too. When we talk about globalisation and economic interdependence the most critical element to have are good international relationships between countries due to the aforementioned fact that it is not only international trade that influences the countries’ economies but also other economic factors such as the flow of labour, easing of trade regulations or even financial tie-ups. These relationships are usually quite diplomatic and do involve a collaboration from both sides, it could even be argued that this relationship in itself is an exchange in order to achieve mutually favourable growth thus, these can also be the difference between maintaining peace and economic well-being. Paul Wilkinson(2007) talks about how paramount these can be in his book â€Å"†¦some of the major problems and challenges of international relations reveals that we live in a very dangerous world, and that many of the most serious threats to our peace, security, and economic and social well-being are the result of human actions.† How and why European countries are economically interdependent Being geographically close such as the countries within Europe gives them an advantage to not only make trading easier and quicker but it also provides them with a strategic advantage of achieving their political missions and their businesses with a competitive edge in the international markets. When countries do intend to come together in order to achieve economic progression they usually end up forming an alliance/trading bloc or in Europe’s case most prominently a regional trading bloc (European Union) which overtime proved to be of immense significance to their   economic and political environment. This proved to be extremely pertinent in making sure that the countries involved not only maintained peace and excellent diplomatic ties but also that they assisted each other’s economies with regards to growth and exchanging of resources allowing them to specialise more distinctively and get an even higher trade advantage. This enabled the member countries to contribute to the union financially and in return the union invested in its members’ economies accordingly. As stated by European Commission (2018) the EU adopted budget aims to invest (in its member countries) about EUR 160, 113.52M in several areas including sustainable growth, competitiveness for growth and security amongst others. The European Union could arguably be one of the most powerful economic integrations. Over the years, it has not only helped its members in areas like capital accumulation, and technical progress but it has also maintained common and standardised policies for trade and as attested by European commission(2018) itself the EU making one of its main aims to become economically interdependent and avoid any future conflicts between its members. Consequently, countries such as Germany, Spain and France who were at war for centuries have now ensured that they now work in harmony to attain mutual benefit (Mankiw, 2016, p.528). Some other examples of European economic integrations include the European Economic Area (EEA) with around 32 members, European Union Customs Union (EUCU) with 28 of the EU and 3 non-EU members (Turkey, Andorra, and San Marino), and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) with currently 4 members. The most compelling benefit however, is provided by there being a single currencies’ adoption by the European Union members which brings with it the convenience of eliminating transaction costs, reduction in price discrimination and the stability of the foreign exchange rate (Mankiw et al, 2016, pp.531). Threats economic interdependence presents While recognising the pivotal aspects of European countries having to be economically reliant on each other we must also look at the limitations it brings with it. Some of these limitations include a 5% decrease in intra EU trading during 2000-2014, Europe’s internal crises in 2015 which was triggered by the euro crises a few years prior, not giving the countries involved to make independent political decisions without undermining their relationships with a majority of their trading partners, and it taking just one opposing country to threaten a powerful alliance like EU as Greece tried to in 2015 against EU sanctions placed on Russia (The German Marshall Fund of the United States, 2016). This can also cause a free rider problem as well which Mankiw, Et al (2016) explains by giving the example of the Greek recession where the government borrowed more than they could pay back and eventually the EU had to bail them out. Most impactful though, are the difficulties that arise because of there being a single currency (Euro) adoption within the selected EU countries; these are including but not limited to fiscal federalism (Mankiw et al, 2016) describes it as the fiscal policy in the currency union working like that of a single economy, they also give up their right to have an individualistic monetary policy, and finally the macroeconomic adjustment generating from the external value of their currencies also known as automatic stabilisers (Investopedia, 2018). In conclusion, it can be said as Monnet (1978) suggests; the process of economic integration in Europe has always been incremental in nature, and often ‘forged in crises’. The main aims of these integrations also keep changing with respect to the challenges the economic environment brings with it and that being said, as long as these aims are met and all countries feel like they are benefiting mutually they will always understand that there are more pros than cons of economic interdependence for them, if not then they can always choose to leave like the UK did with the EU in June 2016. It goes without saying that trading blocs are an integral part of economic integration and political reasoning might also be a huge element in deriving its existence. However, as long as the collective European economies continue to prosper by depending on each other economically and the consequences of abandoning this interdependence do not surpass the benefits of remaining it would not make any sense for a country to be an independent economy. Reference List: European Free Trade Association (2018) About EFTA: The European Free Trade Association Available from: http://www.efta.int/about-efta/european-free-trade-association [Accessed 21 April 2018] European Commission (2018) Budget: Annual budget. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/budget/annual/index_en.cfm [Accessed 19 April 2018] European Commission (2018) The EU in brief: From Economic to Political Union Available from: https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/eu-in-brief_en [Accessed 21 April 2018] European Commission (2018) Taxation and Customs Union: Customs Union Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/calculation-customs-duties/rules-origin/customs-unions_en [Accessed 21 April 2018] Helpman, Elhanan. (2011), Understanding Global Trade, Harvard University Press Available from: ProQuest EBook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/lsbuuk/detail.action?docID=3300975. International Monetary Fund (2018) World Economic Outlook cyclical Upswing, Structural change: statistical appendix table part A. Available from: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2018/03/20/world-economic-outlook-april-2018#Statistical%20Appendix [Accessed 20 April 2018] Investopedia (2018) Automatic Stabilizer: What is an ‘economic stabilizer’? Available from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/automaticstabilizer.asp [Accessed 21 April 2018] Mankiw, G. Taylor, M. Ashwin, A.  (2016), Business Economics: The Global Economy, 2nd edition, Cengage textbooks. Monnet, J (1978),  Memoirs, London. Piggott, Judith. Mark, Cook. (2006), International Business Economics: A European Perspective, Palgrave Macmillan. Surugiu, M. and Surugiu, C. (2015) International Trade, Globalization and Economic Interdependence between European Countries: Implications for Businesses and Marketing Framework, Procedia Economics and Finance, 32 (1), pp. 133. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221256711501374X [Accessed 19 April 2018] The German Marshall Fund of The United States (2016) Policy Brief: How Economic Dependence Could Undermine Europe’s Foreign Policy Coherence. Available from: http://www.gmfus.org/publications/how-economic-dependence-could-undermine-europes-foreign-policy-coherence [Accessed 21 April 2018] The Icelandic Directorate of Immigration (2018), Home: EEA Member Countries. Available from: https://utl.is/index.php/en/eea-member-countries [Accessed 21 April 2018] Wilkinson, Paul. (2007), International Relations: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Louis Sullivan :: essays papers

Louis Sullivan Louis Sullivan was without a doubt one of the most influential figures in American architecture. He can be credited with lying the foundation of today’s modern skyscrapers. In addition, he has produced some of the most magnificent ornaments seen in 19th and 20th century, which adorned his buildings. On September 3, 1856, Louis Henri Sullivan was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His came from an Irish father and a French mother. Louis led a sheltered childhood as result of the civil war, and spent a good deal of time on his grandparents’ farm outside of the city. It is here that Sullivan developed an intense concept of nature, which would be apparent in his later work. By the age of twelve, Louis decided to pursue a career in architecture. Moses Wilson, one of Sullivan’s high school teachers, introduced him to the disciplines of silence, attention, and alertness, which are necessary components of the abilities to observe, reflect, and discriminate. These would serve to help him in his career pursuits. Asa Gray, a botanist from Harvard who lectured at his school, caught his interest in the morphology of plants. At the age of sixteen, he was admitted two years early to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sullivan’s first employment came as a draftsman for the architectural firm Furness and Hewitt in Philadelphia, which he felt was best suited to his tastes. An economic panic resulted in his layoff from the firm and his relocation to Chicago. It was here that he went to work for Major William LeBaron Jenney. It was not long before Louis had acquainted himself with numerous other architects in the city; the most important of whom would turn out to be John Edelman. The summer of 1874 had Sullivan traveling overseas to the Ecole des Beaur Arts in Paris. After passing rigorous admissions tests, he studied geometric form from Monsieur Clopet. Next, Louis toured Italy to study its fine works of art. Sullivan returned to Chicago in 1875, where he worked several draftsman positions over the next five years. After this period, John Edelman introduced him to Dankmar Adler. The two formed a partnership in 1881 that would last fourteen years. Sullivan handled the design of their architecture, while Adler oversaw the engineering and acoustic areas of the firm. Louis had two main protegees over the course of his career.

The Impacts of Gender Roles for Society in Advertising

The impacts of gender roles for society in advertising There are lots of social roles that a person has to perform during his or her life time. The most clear and basic role is gender role. A gender role is a set of social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for either a man or a woman in a social or interpersonal relationship. Gender roles are widely between cultures and even in the same cultural tradition have differed over time and context.Most societies regulate different behavior pattern and social value regarding to gender, therefore consumer’s behavior cater for their gender role image. Men and women roles and how the roles are defined and described in the advertisement can affect individual acceptors, public's consciousness, behavior pattern and the social system. There are three impacts of gender roles for society in advertising. First of all, the gender role can make the fixed idea and change. In most societies, the members of societies hav e similar thought about a series of characteristics that the gender has.We call that fixed idea of gender roles. the fixed idea is socially shared belief and excessively simplified belief in matters of the specific target. Every society has the simplified idea about men and women and the fixed idea which regulate personality and role regarding to the gender. For example, the fixed idea about women is that women are passive, sensible, dependent, lacking in patience and internally sensitive. Vice versa, the fixed idea about men is that men are active, ideal, independent and possible for mind control. This fixed idea about men and women provided background that divide men and women role.Through the characteristic role, men work outside and women work inside for their life, and the polarization of the gender role is accepted as the best way for their work and family. This fixed idea is accepted as a natural result for a long time. People could not realize that they have the fixed idea b ecause this idea exists everywhere of society. However, now, realization of the gender roles in advertisement is changed according to the passing of time. Before women’s liberation, the fixed idea about the gender role was believed as natural phenomenon and what is bred in the bone.The pioneer of women’s liberation claim that women’s potential power and ability had been restricted because they be bred true to the fixed idea about the gender role. Also, we delude ourselves that physical, psychological and social characteristic according to the gender is real, and we define what men are and what women are. Also, we delude ourselves that physical, psychological and social characteristic according to the gender is real, and we define what men are and what women are. The fixed idea is always exaggeratedly simplified, and sometimes could be totally wrong.Also, the fixed idea exaggerates or minimizes difference between groups. The fixed idea about the gender role makes men look as if they are similar even if actually they are very different each other, so do women. Finally, the fixed idea can be usually used to justify prejudice and discrimination to member of some groups. This distorted fixed idea about the gender role cannot reflect the image of the gender role properly in modern time. Secondary, the concept of androgyny comes to the fore. According to the radical change of society, the concept of the gender role becomes changed. Androgyny is at the head of the change.Bem(1974) rendered the concept of androgyny for the first time. It means that the two character coexistent in one person. In other words, androgyny has manhood and femininity. Through the study about people who have the fixed idea about the gender role, androgyny people are more ethical, self-respected, and stable than them who have the fixed idea about the gender role(Block, 1973; Bem;amp; Lenny, 1976; Kyoungsuk Park, 1988; Jeongeun Lee, 1991;Sujung Seo), and androgyny people are more flexible and practical and have more information-processing capacity. These studies confirm the value of androgyny.As a result, the concept of androgyny develops our society and diversifies industry. Third is socialization of gender role image. Women’s role image in an advertisement affects learning of women’s social role, namely women are affected their socialization by an advertisement. It shows how much mass media and advertisement is an important information source to women. We can guess that mass media and advertisement affects consumer to form mold about other world if the mass media or the advertisement is considered as the optimum conditions for effective learning, cultural environment.Social scientists point out that the gender role description in an advertisement applies leverage on thought about society. An advertisement had a tremendous impact on a consumer when the role or image of the character is a role model. Today, day by day, we are living in nu merous advertisements. Gender roles that appear in the advertisement can change our traditional stereotypes. The advertisement appeared to reflect social change traditional stereotypes Image and appearance are mixed gender role images appear in the advertisements today.People realized that the concept of androgyny is better than a fixed idea of gender roles. Moreover, socialization of gender roles has become an important issue in our society. Image to adhere to traditional gender roles, women's social activity and a surge in traditional gender roles than in the past, the position is improved according to the hypothetical social change gradually, and social roles that appear in the structure, major changes are reflected in a market economy, the advertising is the side effects that are not suitable.Fixed according to gender in advertisements, when you think that advertising is having a big impact on the value formation of children as well as the function of promoting the sale of goods and as a medium of socialization with the public over an image or a negative image of women reassurance that the portrayal is not a desirable thing. Exercise and develop human potential is an important factor which is responsible for its leading role, the mass media and advertising, and the stereotypes tied to the gender roles of society be reshaped.Advertising like a mirror reflects a social phenomenon and as a pathway for changing gender roles in this society, the society and culture of that era and the social interaction that leads to the development direction because they share two features to create a new culture will be able to. Reference Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162. Yijeongeun (1991). Study of Learned Helplessness in ministering to college studentof identity and attribution according to the type of Sookmyung Women's University Graduate School Master's thesis.

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buy custom From Spaces of Places essay Without doubt, Joachim Blatter oversees that with the uprising dynamics of technology, he is not the only one who foresees that the network society is rising from nowhere to some space of flows.[i] These drastic and evolving changes have led the researchers to ask themselves empirical questions that have led to debate over time. It is questionable as to whether the multiplication of stages of governance as conferred to the federalism version is leading to a progression of deterritorialization where associations of supremacy currently are remarkably unbundling into more of a functionally differentiated system with variable and fuzzy government scales. Another, query that is being posed to the extent that the significant transformations from the government to the governance sector and the inclusion of actors of both from private and non-profit sectors in organizations, mainly of cross border superiority could go, besides the ties and mechanisms that do hold the actors involved together . Blatter in his article seeks to give answers to the questions that arise due to the technological changes that take place. Indeed, he portrays how the answers are empirical evidence from Western Europe and North American borderlands as they seek to give more clarifications that are more relevant to the question that individuals always ask themselves. Border regions obviously need justification as they are seen as the peripheral parts of the state territory and not the precursors of glocalization process. This is not the case as currently many borders are not peripheral as they are continuously achieving economic prosperity that is above the national average level. This is as a result of the decrease in the significance of the nation-state that has led to the prevalent increase in the relevance of the region. In addition, the global cities are taking over the national environment as it becomes globally linked. As a result, dramatic changes as the forces of transnational integration an d domestic decentralization as elements of glocalization are competing for dominance of national administration as it seeks to govern the regions that cross over the borders. Instrumental and identity-providing institutions have become one of the most significant elements of differentiation. According to functionalist and rationalist theories, they assume that there is an objective interdependence that exists between institutions and social actors, which serve specific purposes. Indeed, the ritual of representation has overseen activities that create mutual obligations with no specific purpose among the group members. As political institutions, are seen to be symbolic actions that considerably have influence upon political actors. However, these symbols do not seek to go contrary to the rules as it seeks to give correct information but to ensure that it stimulate emotion an empathy and reduce ambiguity rather than uncertainty as accorded to rules. Blatter therefore, clearly points out that for individual and social welfare to be attained instrumental institutions should ensure that includes all actors and pertinent resources. Transformation in the supremacy is to shift from to the territory centered to function centered as it moves from space of place to a space of flows. This is as a result of a network that is dominant in cases of being nearly decomposable is non-existent. Considerably, this networks and hierarchies have a difference in terms of their structure of interaction that arises from two dimensions. These two dimensions comprise of the interterritorial and intersectoral dimensions that design the structure of an ideal type. However, the existence of the two dimensions could make the structure blurred as direct contacts between the subnational actors of various types and inclusion of non-public-sector organization existing in trans-boundary institutions. Territorial and functional governance that exists have gotten different features and task performance. Ideal types of cross-border political institutions according to Blatter should be analyzed from their own dimensions and distinguished. These types of institutions include commissions, connection, coalitions and consociation. Commissions are usually characterized by a scientific, technical, or judicial approach so as to reduce cases of cross -border issues and disputes. This institution is liberal as there are national delegations and votes as members of a commission. Its national boundaries determine the geographic area of cooperation as it acts as an all-purpose institution that performs many tasks. Leading members in a commission include experts in the field of law and engineering as they seek to find appropriate measures and projects based on scientific-technical knowledge. Connection significantly helps in overcoming obstacles that could readily hinder the exploitation of positive and negative externalities and synergies. Blatter explains how connection the information that is being conveyed does not show the objective necessity that brings out coordinated action but does not reduce the transaction costs at all. As a result, it does not involve typical experts but involve the brokers who could either be planners and developers. Coalition as a cross-border political institution is not of objective necessity, this is because political actors arrange to join forces together in dispute or in conflict with another political actor and therefore, does not choose partners based on interdependence. Coalitions are extremely characterized as individuals with shared belief and common values as they move together dominated by the same motive. This links include horizontal linkages between the various partners in a geographicaal region. Consociation influences individual behaviors through symbolizing ideas with identities and images that cross-border political community. This cooperation that exists seeks to influence peoples identity in a holistic and affective way. Indeed, the four types of cross-border political institution have been pointed out in a vast number of nations the European Union is not an exception. These countries include the Upper Rhine Valley, California, Lake Constance region and Cascadia. Blatter explains that the cause of the differences between Europe and North America is as a result of deterritorialization. This is extremely seen through the sectors that make up institution in Europe is purely intergovernmental and complemented by institutionalized meetings of legislators. Whereas in North America institutions, are more open to direct involvement of private and non-profit actors. In addition, institutions in Europe share a common geographical definition in border regions. However, in North America, there is no congruence between the various institutions thus leads to general overlaps. In terms of the goals and tasks, European has developed encompassing programs and activities that exist in many policy fields whereas, in North America, there is similar broad aspiration that have to narrow down to suit the activity. With respect to temporal stability, Europeans has commissions that do not contrast so much with those in North America. In Europe, the vision is holistic and multifunctional as compared to North America that has bioregional concepts. from all orders made by people you bring! Your people also get 17% discount on their first order In order to look at the empirical study case, Blatter makes it quite obvious that we have to overcome unspecified notions like the territorial differences towards functioning, and thereafter, we look at a specific tie and links that are crucial for defining the new instruction of governance based on the common space of flows. Blatter explains that the two borders of North America have created social cohesion and built political institutions through material flow and flow of ideas. Blatter clearly illustrates that high performances in the specific fields outweigh the total failure in terms of cross-border cooperation. It is therefore, logical according to Blatter to conclude that Europe and North America are through the trend of glocalization. I correspond with Blatter views, opinion, and clear explanation that with the uprising dynamics of technology, he foresees that the network society is rising from nowhere to some space of flows. As a result of space flows in politics, there is an uprising significant mobilizing capacity with tremendous transformational powers. Significantly, it is true that today the government has become governance as a result of the transition. I also concur with Blatter that the political systems are adjusting to changes in technical and socioeconomic features of natural imperatives. Buy custom From Spaces of Places essay

The Story of George Crum, Inventor of the Potato Chip

The Story of George Crum, Inventor of the Potato Chip George Crum (born George Speck; July 15, 1824 – July 22, 1914) was a renowned African-American chef who worked at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York during the mid-1800s. According to culinary legend, Crum invented the potato chip during his work at the restaurant. Fast Facts: George Crum Known For: Widely credited with inventing potato chips when he sliced an order of French fries extra-thin to spite a demanding customer. The story has since been debunked as a myth, but Crum achieved success when he opened  Crums, a popular restaurant in Malta, New York.  Also Known As: George SpeckBorn: July 15, 1824, in Saratoga Springs,  New York, USADied: July 22, 1914, in Malta, New York, USA The Potato Chip Legend   George Speck was born to parents Abraham Speck and Diana Tull  on July 15, 1824. He grew up in upstate New York and was hired at Moons Lake House in the 1850s. Moon’s Lake House was a high-end restaurant that catered to wealthy Manhattan families when Speck was hired. A  regular patron of the restaurant,  Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, frequently forgot Specks given surname. Vanderbilt  often asked waiters to relay various requests to â€Å"Crum,† thus giving Speck the name he is now known by.   According to popular legend, the potato chip was invented when a picky customer (Vanderbilt himself, according to some reports) repeatedly sent back an order of  French fries, complaining that they were too thick. Frustrated with the customer’s demands, Crum sought revenge by slicing a batch of potatoes paper-thin, frying them to a crisp, and seasoning them with lots of salt. Surprisingly, the customer loved them.  Soon enough, Crum and Moons Lake House became well-known  for their special â€Å"Saratoga chips.†Ã‚   Disputing the Legend   A number of notable accounts  have disputed the story of Crums culinary innovation. Recipes for frying thin potato slices had already been published in cookbooks  by the early 1800s. Several reports on Crum himself, including a  commissioned biography of the chef published in 1893 and his own obituary, were curiously missing any mention of potato chips whatsoever.   Crums sister, Kate Wicks, claimed to be the real inventor of the potato chip. Wick’s obituary, published in The Saratogian in 1924, read, A sister of George Crum, Mrs. Catherine Wicks, died at the age of 102, and was the cook at Moon’s Lake House. She first invented and fried the famous Saratoga Chips. This statement  is supported by Wicks’ own recollections of the tale, which was published in several periodicals during her lifetime. Wicks explained that she had sliced off a sliver of potato that inadvertently fell into a hot frying pan. She let Crum taste it and his enthusiastic approval led to the decision to serve the chips. Crums Legacy Visitors came far and wide to Moons Lake House for a taste of the famous Saratoga chips, sometimes even taking a 10-mile trip around the lake just to get to the restaurant. Cary Moon, the owner of Moon’s Lake House, later tried to claim credit for the invention and began producing and distributing potato chips in boxes. Once Crum opened his own restaurant in the 1860s, called Crum’s, he provided every table with a basket of chips.   Crum’s chips remained a local delicacy until the 1920s when a salesman and entrepreneur named Herman Lay began traveling throughout the south and introducing potato chips to different communities throughout the country. At that point, Crums legacy was overtaken  by the mass production and distribution of potato chips on a national scale. Sources George Crum Dies at Saratoga Lake,  The (Saratoga Springs) Saratogian.  July 27, 1914.  Another Claims Potato Chip Idea,†Ã‚  Glens Falls Post Star.  August 4, 1932Barrett Britten, Elizabeth  [Jean McGregor]. Chronicles of Saratoga, Saratoga Springs, NY. Bradshaw 1947.Bradley, Hugh. Such Was Saratoga.  New York, 1940. 1940, 121-122.Dearborn, R.F.  Saratoga and How to See It. Albany, New York. 1871.  Gruse, Doug. Chipping Away at History.  Post-Star, Glens Falls, New York. November 25, 2009Kitchiner, William.  The Cook’s Oracle; Containing Receipts for Plain Cookery, on the Most Economical Plan for Private Families. 4th ed. A. Constable and Co. of Edinburgh and London.Lee, N.K.M.  The Cooks Own Book: Being A Complete Culinary Encyclopedia.  Boston, Munroe, and Francis. New York, Charles E. Francis, and David Felt. 1832.

Occupy Wall Street Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Occupy Wall Street Movement - Essay Example After that it spread to around hundred cities in the United States with actions all over the globe in and around 1500 cities. The movement is to fight back against the 1% richest in the country who are in the process of steering the rules of the economy and practicing them unfairly jeopardizing the lives of remaining 99% who are the common people (Occupy wallstreet, about) Protestor’s notion The slogan of the group is, â€Å"we are the 99 percent†. The remaining 1% is all the haves i.e., that is, the â€Å"banks, the mortgage industry, the insurance industry, etc.; and the 99 percent refers to the have-nots: that is, everyone else† (Occupy Movement Wall Street). This notion incorporated a rising sense of exploitation among the US nationals done by these 1 % haves over the 99% have-nots. The protestors stated that the common people cannot be simultaneously working and poor. The protestors were guided by some particular demands. They demanded free and fair election s. They also stated that money flowing from the corporate into the elections will be eliminated, there will be only public funding, and public election channel should be made the centers of debate and educational campaigns. After the elections there would be no financial gifting or gifting requirements for meeting privately with the selected officials. There should be properly operated televised public as well as transparent investigations regarding the financial meltdown, mortgage derivatives, and returns of the taxpayers. The protestors also demand of telecasted transparent investigations in the social security funding along with its background and allocation details. There should be also securing of low risk investment policies to the funds borrowed from the social security funds. Corporations are channelizing jobs at lower wage rates to the countries which lack basic human sustainability and the Americans are losing jobs continuously. The corporations are required to operate her e by providing the local nationals jobs (List of Goals for Occupy Wall Street). Reactions from opposing political parties There was initial hesitation regarding the spread of the movement from both the Democrats party and the Republicans. This can be thought of a natural response to any protests in its initial phase (Klein). The democrats and the occupy wall street movement pose similar concerns related to the economic inequalities. The democrats refused of engaging with their lot with the protesters of the movement confronting the police and the squats in the public encampments. The Democrats embraced the movement with spreading demonstrations across the country with the attainment of robust support from the progressive traditional institutions. The democratic leaders stated that the movement has many positive sides to it. The democrats supported the central message of the movement which aimed reflecting the large economic inequalities growing up in the country due to the greed of corporate. The democrats are quite enthusiastic about the movement and they believe that the sentiments are increasing in a rapid pace within the country. There were even more progressive democrats who showed more enthusiasm. Some of them stated that, â€Å"I’m so proud to see the Occupy Wall Street movement standing up to this rampant corporate greed and peacefully participating in our democracy†